Accents and Paradoxes of Modern Philology

SIGNS OF PLACE IN NATIVE AMERICAN LITERATURE: AFFINITY OF INDIGENOUS SPACE AND TEXT

Svitlana Kot

In this paper, the discussion centers on Native American Literature and the way it is connected with space. The issues to discuss are how space is represented there and why Native American writers attach considerable importance to landscape and space. Evidence suggests such importance is a result of the influence of markedly different indigenous epistemological and ontological paradigms, which traditionally consider land and space in general as a fundamental and spiritual basis of Native American identity. This research examines the emerging role of space in the context of Native American literature. Ecocritical, postcolonial and semiotic approaches were adopted to provide the in-depth analysis of all the factors which contribute to Native American understanding of space. At first, this study reviews the evidence for genetic ties between Native space and literature; secondly, it investigates the factors that determine the significance of spatial elements in Native American literature. Thirdly, it examines the different ways in which spatiality functions in texts written by Native American authors.

GALILEO BETWEEN HISTORY AND MYTH: NEW OBSERVATIONS ON THE LIFE AND WORKS OF GALILEO GALILEI

Rosangela Libertini

The present paper is the result of a joint work between Charles University of Praha, the Catholic University of Ružomberok and the University of Nitra to make known a very famous but unknown personality, Galileo Galilei. The main task of this group of researchers was the Slovak translation of Galileo’s last work: Dialogue around two new sciences related to mechanics and movement of bodies. The first part of the paper concerns the life of the scientist, with particular regard to the famous process to Galileo Galilei in 1633. The article then examines the Galilean mythos, that image that in the century was created around the Florentine scientist for several reasons and which does not correspond to reality. For example, the famous statement assigned to Galileo “And yet it moves!”, which is not recorded in any document, not even in the papers of his process. Finally, this paper recalls some of the steps taken by the Catholic Church that led to an instance of annulment of the process.

LINGUOECOLOGICAL APPROACH TO CAPTURING CONCEPTS: A CASE STUDY OF TRANSPARENCY

Olena Morozova

Adopting a linguoecological approach to the study of transdisciplinary concepts, we argue that they may take different shape and/or structure, and even change their nature, in agreement with the environment of their functioning, or their scientific landscape (Yu. S. Stepanov), which comprises the event horizon, or the plane of immanence (G. Deleuze, F. Guattari), and the creator of the concept, or the conceptual persona/aesthetic figure (G. Deleuze, F. Guattari). Different types of concepts are differentiated according to the type of their creator (social vs. personal); they are arranged along the scale 'universal–group-specific–personal'. After that a more granular classification of concept types is carried out according to the sphere of their creator's activities (scientific/logical – everyday – philosophical –cultural/aesthetic).Taking the concept transparency as a case, we demonstrate the difference between everyday, scientific, philosophical, and cultural concepts, drawing a distinction 'concepts vs. prospects' as well as 'concepts vs. percepts/affects'.

FEMALE CHARACTERS IN THE NOVEL THE MOOR’S LAST SIGH AS THE KEY ELEMENT TO REVEALING INDIAN IDENTITY

Maria Obykhvist

The article is dedicated to the analysis of female characters in the novel The Moor’s Last Sigh by Salman Rushdie. Our aim is to understand better the evolution of artistic images by highlighting and researching the means the author uses for revealing the «nature» and «socialization» of a woman. The novel appeals to the understanding of a woman’s place in the socio-historical processes of the modern world. The author reveals a woman’s identity which is formed under the influence of the globalization factors as well as other ones. India’s modern history becomes the background for the evolution of the female characters. Salamn Rushdie is an English writer of an Indian origin who reveals in front of a reader bright and unique India, while he himself is caught between two cultural worlds – his native Indian and acquired European. In order to reveal the evolution of female characters, we will scrutinize the way in which the author describes motherhood and love in their lives.

BARTOLOMÉ LEAL: THE WHITE NEGRITUDE OF ALTERITY

Néstor Ponce

This article is a study of Blanca de negro (2015), a novel by the Chilean writer Bartolomé Leal. Leal’s text plays with the tensions between the crime novel and the ethnological novel, pointing us toward an encounter with the contemporary social characteristics of the capital city of Nairobi alongside, more indirectly, those of the other regions of Kenya. Leal’s work is inscribed within a tradition that questions the relationships between cultures from a dynamic and polemic point of view, confronting different ethnicities and nationalities that form part of the African country.

AMERICAN INAUGURAL POETRY: POETICS AND STYLE

Iryna Yakovenko

The paper represents critical reflection on a fifty-five-year history of American inaugural poetry. The research opens with the overview of theoretical aspects of occasional poetry, focusing on poetics and style of the poems commissioned for presidential inaugurations. Further on the article outlines the history of inaugural poetry in the U.S. Special attention is given to the comparative analysis of the poems The Gift Outright by Robert Frost, On the Pulse of Morning by Maya Angelou, Of History and Hope by Miller Williams, Praise Song for the Day by Elizabeth Alexander and One Today by Richard Blanco. The comparative research focuses on the representation of the major themes, ideas and imagery in the above-mentioned inaugural poems.

THE DIALOGUE BETWEEN THE POET’S PURE SOUL AND NATURE: TFANSFORMATION, INTERPRETATION AND TRANSLATION

Тamara Zhuzhgina-Аllakhverdian

The dialogue between the Poet and Nature includes discussion of pure Soul with pure Reason since the late 18th century. The literary discussion was based on thesis of infinite and antithesis of the final human nature. Literary personifications and comparisons characterized a personality temperament as a type of universal nature and psychophysical parallelism. The Greek concept of cyclical time has been problematical for philosophers and poets and became concept of epoch in the work about Seasons, where Winter, Spring, Summer and Autumn symbolized the human life: birth, death, maturity and decline. The nature is represented in poetry on both directions vertically and horizontally. There also existed a tradition of allegorical interpretation of soul from pagan myths. Metamorphoses of soul have been observed in the mythopoetical paradigm of “death and life” including a medieval motif of tragic incompatibility between Man and God. In ancient tradition the universe and the natural laws are personified in allegorical terms, and the earth is represented as a giant living organism. The later poetry is similarly intended to illustrate these ideas assimilated into the concrete lived experience. Since the 19th century attention was given to human beings and to the soul in dissolution with nature.