Accents and Paradoxes of Modern Philology

THE IDENTITY CRISIS IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION IN THE NOVEL BY OLGA TOKARCZUK “FLIGHTS”

Kateryna BUTSKA — 2020-11-08

This article considers the issue of the identity crisis in the context of globalization, represented in the novel Flights by Olga Tokarczuk, a Nobel Prize laureate and one of the best-selling Polish writers of our time. The artistic world of the novel reveals key features of globalization such as increasing global mobility, intensifying migrations, the dissipation of national borders, and the deactualization of national memory. O. Tokarczuk portrays an original type of a character acting in such conditions – a modern nomad that can be an emigrant, a refugee, a traveler, or a homeless person.

This paper focuses on the correlation between memory collapse and identity crisis depicted in several stories from the novel. It mainly considers the philosophical aspect of the issue, namely, people’s fear of death and desire for immortality expressed through their propensity for perpetual motion and rejection of individual and national memory. The topic of plastination (a method of body preservation), deeply elaborated throughout the novel, is examined in the context of interdependency between human’s body and identity.

Specific attention is dedicated to fragmentariness as essential characteristic of both formal side of the novel (composition, narrative) and its thematic range. Fragmentariness is also intrinsic to the artistic manifestation of memory, presented in the form of a heterogeneous archive. Providing an alternative, polyphonic narrative, O. Tokarczuk opposes it to any kind of a coherent, monolithic historical narrative.

Written in 2007, this novel is particularly interesting to analyze nowadays, when impugning the globalization values is becoming a common tendency. In the new context, Flights can be construed as a warning about creating a world devoid of memorial meaning. This article highlights a well-pronounced appeal to recollection and verbalization of the past. In the “narrating” of life, O. Tokarczuk sees the way to salvation and liberation, thus affirming the crucial role of memory in dealing with the identity crisis faced by contemporary societies.

RUSSIAN SOLDIERS AND OFFICERS SEEN BY THE FRENCH WITNESSES OF THE CRIMEAN WAR (1853-1856) IN THE NOVEL BY L. BOUSSENARD "LE ZOUAVE DE MALAKOFF" (LINGUOIMAGOLOGICAL ASPECT)

Andriy MOROZ — 2020-11-08

The article deals with the means of linguoimagological verbalization. Linguoimagology is a new trend in philology. The term was introduced by L. Ivanova. The author of the article analyzed the features of the linguistic perception’s interpretation of the Russian officers and soldiers by the French witnesses during the Russo-Turkish War which started in 1853 and finished in 1856. We have selected for the analysis "Le Zouave de Malakoff" – the novel by L. Boussenard. The book describes the military activities on the peninsula. It should be underlined that this work has never been translated from French into the Ukrainian language and is a rare volume even in the motherland.

The author pays great attention to the description of fighting of the Russian troops. L. Boussenard evaluates the war activities in the Crimean War and everyone has a good chance to see them with the eyes of a French person. It looks, as if he or she paricipates in the described campaign.

This novel fully depicted the events of the mid-nineteenth century which happened on the Crimean peninsula where the British, French, Russian, Sardinian, and Turkish armies fought. In the article various discourses were considered. The volume of the work let us deal only with the military activities associated with the soldiers and officers of the Russian army from the point of view of the French participants. We came to such an assumption that besides the positive attitude to the enemies, L. Boussenard also had ironic assessment of them and of the activities conducted by the people.

Thus, it should be concluded that, the view of the Russians by the French is presented ambivalently in the linguoimagological aspect. The writer gives characteristics which have positive connotations, together with those which contain negative ones in their semantics. The author used repetitions, alliteration, hyperbole, comparison, short sentences, and metaphor. Generally speaking, the descriptions of the attacks and retreats of the armies are rendered in the present tenses. With the help of this stylistic detail, the narrator reveals the features of the battles, the nature of the involved armies more colorfully.

THE MEMORY, IS IT STILL POSSIBLE?

Estelle SALLERON — 2020-11-08

Thanks to the tourists, the museums and commemorations are pretty popular all over the world. However, Philippe Muray asks himself whether the contemporary man is able to understand the past which he celebrates so easily. Indeed, there is a huge gap between the world which “always” existed and our new world. What is that gap? How does it manifest itself? The whole work of Philippe Muray is a picture of this new world and of the man who lives in. According to Muray, the past whose memory has taken such an importance, is not the real past but a rebuilt one, without the “negativity” which modern man wouldn’t accept. The basis of his thinking is the work of Kojève, Introduction to the reading of Hegel, in which the philosopher builds the notion of “after the history” : since the man has been free from all the links and bounds and needs of the old time, he lives in an endless Sunday, in permanent holidays. Then he has forgotten the original Fall and looks for paradise now. When this new man celebrates the past, how could he see the past as it was? More than that, the celebration of the past would be a consumption for times of want, a celebration for itself, not far from the pagan cyclical time in a quasi religious perspective. Philippe Muray describes a new world where the pathos prevails, far from the rationality and the distance which allow man to laugh. On the opposite, the work of Muray may be read like a comical theater of a highly serious time.

PHILOSOPHICAL PROBLEMS OF THE DRAMATICAL WORKS BY ERIC-EMMANUEL SCHMITT

Olha VASILIEVA — 2020-11-08

The article studies the drama of the modern French-speaking author Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt. It analyses of the problems of the French artist's plays, the role of his work in the context of the literary process of the XX-XXI century and traces the development of his philosophical thought. The article used comparative-typological, comparative-historical and structural methods to study the stated issues, which made it possible to compare the dramatic works of Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt with other literary phenomena, to single out his creative achievements in the literary field of the postmodern period, especially in their systems in the works of this author: the play "Guest" is taken for a more detailed analysis. It is noted that the determining factor in the formation of philosophical worldviews of Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt was the writing of a thesis on Denis Diderot and acquaintance with other famous artists of the Enlightenment. While working on his research, the writer could not miss the study of contemporary trends in philosophy and literature, including drama. The ideas and beliefs of artists of the Enlightenment had a great influence on the formation of Schmitt's philosophical thought: he was inspired by their belief in the possibility of human knowledge, considered man not only as a sensitive but also as an intelligent being; like the Enlightenment, the French writer turned to a variety of religious themes and metaphysical ways of thinking. The author is convinced that philosophy is around everyone: it should not be hidden behind pathetic phrases and complex texts; it should live in the form of fairy tales, plays, and dialogues. The philosopher must be able to mix the humour with the serious things, so Schmitt took on the responsibility of talking to people about important things in a simple way and he treats this task as a mission. Tracing the author's own style, it is concluded that in general, Schmitt's spiritual development took place mainly under the influence of Enlightenment thinkers, so his work used the principles and techniques inherent in the work of educators.

THE PROBLEM OF BLURRED CORE BINARY OPPOSITIONS IN THE NOVEL ALL THE LIGHT WE CANNOT SEE BY ANTHONY DOERR

Uliana ZHORNOKUI — 2020-11-08

The article deals with the problem of blurred boundaries of the core binary oppositions, namely "light / darkness", "childhood-adolescence / adulthood", "individual / collective", "duty / morality" in the novel All the light we cannot see by Anthony Doerr, which highlights the topicality of synergetic approach in modern comparative studies. The problem of blurring between the components of key binary oppositions is one of the moving forces in the analyzed novel, and is of significant novelty for further receptive practice. It is also emphasized that the author interprets the category of death in the analyzed novel, referring to the destructive strategy, aimed to show the goalless sense of death in the context of mass extermination of the population during wars. The category of life is shown in the context of absurd, where its such structural component as future is highlighted with fatalistic semantics. Categories of light and darkness also acquire a new artistic reflection in the analyzed work. The category of knowledge is represented in two semantic aspects – as a tool for cognition of the world to better understand it, and as a tool for destroying those who do not own it. The study of cognitive processes on the basis of verbal data, the separation of a separate layer of so-called tactile literature in the history of literature – one of the new milestones of literary studies. Anthony Doerr is not limited to a certain monoimage of death. Characteristically, in the novel we trace various alternatives to the thanatological image. Anthony Doerr achieves the effect of polyphony of the thanatological category in the novel All the Light We Cannot See through the image of death in the worldview and given experiences of each key character of his creative work. The only thing that unites all variants of the death image is complete lack of fear of possible death.

THE DISCOURSE OF SPIRITUAL AND EXISTENTIAL FORMATION OF IVAN FRANKO: THE CONCEPT OF PERSONALITY

Mykola ZYMOMRYA — 2020-11-08

The review of the monograph by Y. Nakhlik “Virazhi Frankovoho Dukhu Svitohliad.

Ideolohiia. Literatura” examines the system of innovative changes in the field of contemporary Franco`s studies through the widening of different discourses (cultural studies, philosophy, literature, education, and upbringing). It is proved that the basis of the study is a straight-through model of the spiritual-existential formation of the evolutionary progress of Ivan Franko, which is human-centric, national-centric. The problems, which are revealed in the monograph as the basis of spiritual and moral development and self-development, are investigated and analyzed. The guidelines for reflection of the formation of the self-challenge component in the system of formation of spiritual and moral values in the system of personality`s and society`s interaction are emphasized. The role of artwork as a system of aesthetic, philosophical, psycholinguistic values is examined on the sample of the analysis of the main thematic layers of the monograph.

The analysis of peer-reviewed monograph argues that the text as a basis for cultural studies is an all-encompassing phenomenon. SynergeticsFranko`s texts covers all areas of human activity. In their system archetypes codes generated significant era. The set of ideals and symbols, norms and principles, achievements, and values influences on the organization life, and how human activity both in material and in spiritual spheres.

Based on the analysis of the artistic heritage of Ivan Franko is a redefining primitive interpretation of artistic phenomena. These processes are the basis for the formation of a new system of thinking, a new human individuality, and new, high-quality human relations. Ivan Franko`s creative work shows that humanity's means of cultural influence is moving from one era to another era of technocracy to assert religious moral values. In the past pragmatism and away technocrats, the humancentric model is a cross-cutting social life of mankind.

By analyzing the Ivan Franko`s works we see expanding intellectual horizons of literature and social life. A literary text is a basic for foundation of the person's world. Tradition of Franco's words have continued through time and space. The World cultural system is currently undergoing a major transformation in the party establishment moral values of our time. In contrast, selfishness, greed, callousness, indifference practice life brings to life the circulation of qualitatively new values: sacrifice, forgiveness, understanding the world, another human civilization.

The presented monograph is analyzed in light of the system of axiological values of the cultural paradigm. The study of Ivan Franko's spiritual evolution provides a systematic analysis of the importance of the text in the philosophical and existential rendition of the epoch.