“Now that the magic is gone” or toward cognitive analysis of verbal/co-verbal communication
Keywords:
action, affect, cognition, communication, inference, inter-subjective act, volition
Abstract
The paper addresses the problem created by the gap between Cognitive Linguistics usage-based theoretical commitment and the lack of empirical cognitive research on live communication. Its primary objective is to analyse advanced models of cognition in an attempt to outline basic methodological principles of cognitive analysis of verbal/co-verbal communication and, building on these principles, define the workable units and instruments of such analysis. I propose the key unit of cognitive analysis of verbal/co-verbal communication: an inter-subjective act, i.e. an inter-action including at least two verbal / co-verbal utterances (one initial and the other responsive) embedded in the complex dynamic psychic experiential context ‘shared’ by the communicants focusing attention on the same utterance as a perceptual stimulus. Such perceptual stimulus triggers parallel conscious / nonconscious inference processes involving cognition, volition, and affect to issue a command of a motivated, goal-oriented communicative and/or (immediate or postponed) social action. I also suggest analysing the process of the generation of meaning in communication in terms of inference. An inference is viewed as both a natural emergent product of conscious / nonconscious interplay of volition, cognition, and affect, triggering a communicative and/or social action, and also a tool of discovering this key structure of human psychic experience in cognitive linguistic analysis of communication.Downloads
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References
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Lakoff, G., Nuñez R. (2001). Where mathematics comes from: How the embodied mind brings mathematics into being. New York: Basic Books.
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Martynyuk, A. (2016b). The Art of Metaphoric Political Insult within the Cognitive Framework. In: E. Chrzanowska-Kluczewska, O. Vorobyova (eds.). Language – literature – the arts: A Cognitive-semiotic interface. Frankfurt am Main; Bern: Peter Lang Edition, pp. 245–261.
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Adolphs, R. (2003). Cognitive neuroscience of human social behaviour. Nature Review Neuroscience, 4, 165–178.
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Clark, A. (2008). Supersizing the Mind: Embodiment, Action, and Cognitive Extension. New York: Oxford University Press.
Clark, A., and Chalmers, D. (1998). The extended mind. Analysis, 58, 10–23.
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Croft W., and Cruse, F. (2004). Cognitive Linguistics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Damasio, A. (1999). The feeling of what happens. New York: Harcourt.
Damasio, A. (2003). Looking for Spinoza. New York: Harcourt.
Eckert, P., and McConnell-Ginet, S. (1995). Constructing meaning, constructing selves. In: K. Hall, M. Bucholtz (eds.). Gender articulated: language and the socially constructed self. New York, London: Routledge, 1995, pp. 369–507.
Ellis, R.D., and Newton, N. (2012). Could moving others be the link between emotion and consciousness? In: A. Foolen, U. Ludtke, T. Racine, J. Zlatev (eds.). Moving ourselves, moving others. Amsterdam: Benjamins, pp. 57–80.
Evans, V., and Green, M. (2006). Cognitive Linguistics: An Introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., Pavesi, G., and Rizolatti, G. (1995). Motor facilitation during action observation:
a magnetic stimulation study. Journal of Neurophysiology, 73, 2608 –2611.
Fauconnier, G. (1985/1994). Mental Spaces. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Fillmore, C. Frame semantics. (1982). In: Linguistics in the morning calm. Seoul: Hanshin,
pp. 111–137.
Fodor, J., and Pylyshyn, Z. (1988). Connectionism and cognitive architecture: a critical analysis. Cognition, 28, 3–71.
Gallagher, S. (2012). Neurons, neonates and narrative. In: A. Foolen, U. Ludtke, T. Racine, J. Zlatev (eds.) Moving ourselves, moving others. Amsterdam: Benjamins, pp. 167–196.
Gibson, J.J. (1979). The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Greeno, J.G. (1989). A perspective on thinking. American Psychologist, 44 (2), 134–141.
Greeno, J.G. (1998). The situativity of knowing, learning, and research. American Psychologist, 53 (1), 5–26.
Hardy, C. (1998). Networks of meaning: A bridge between mind and matter. Westport, Connecticut; London: Praeger.
Hardy, C. (2017). ISS Theory: Cosmic consciousness, self and life beyond death in a hyperdimensional physics. Scientific GOD Journal 8(5), 375 – 394.
Heidegger, M. (1962). Being and time; trans. into English by J. Macquarrie and E. Robinson. New York: Harper and Row.
Helmholtz, H. (1925). Treatise on physiological optics. Volume III. The Perceptions of Vision; trans. into English by Optical Society of America. Menasha, Wisconsin: George Banta Publishing Company. Retrieved from URL:http//psych.upenn.edu/backuslab/Helmholtz
Hutchins, E. (1980). Culture and inference: A Trobriand case study. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Hutchins, E. (1995). Cognition in the wild. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
Hutto, D. (2006). Embodied expectations and extended possibilities: Reply to Goldie. In: R. Menary (ed.). Radical enactivism. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjaminns.
Jeannerod, M. (1997). The cognitive neuroscience of action. – Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Johnson, M. (1987). The Body in the mind (the bodily basis of meaning, imagination, and reason). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Kihlstrom, J. (1996), Unconscious processes in social interaction. In: S. R. Hameroff, A. W., and Kaszniak, A. C. Scott (Eds.). Toward a science of consciousness. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
Lakoff, G. (1987). Women, fire and other dangerous things: What categories reveal about mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lakoff, G., and Johnson, M. (1980/2003). Metaphors we live by. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lakoff, G, and Johnson, M. (1999). Philosophy in the Flesh: the embodied mind and its challenge to western thought. New York: Basic Books.
Lakoff, G., Nuñez R. (2001). Where mathematics comes from: How the embodied mind brings mathematics into being. New York: Basic Books.
Lakoff, G., and Turner, M. (1989). More than Cool Reason: A field guide to poetic metaphor. Chicago : University of Chicago Press.
Landis, T. (2006). Emotional words: What’s so different from just words? Cortex, 42, 823 – 830
Langacker, R. (1987). Foundations of Cognitive Grammar. Vol. I. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Langacker, R. (2001). Discourse in cognitive grammar. Cognitive Linguistics 12 – 2, 143-188.
Lave, J., and Wegner, E. (1991). Situated learning: legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Martynyuk, A. (2016а). Gesture-verbal utterances from the cognitive perspective. Advanced Education, 6, 47–52. Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2410-8286.85314.
Martynyuk, A. (2016b). The Art of Metaphoric Political Insult within the Cognitive Framework. In: E. Chrzanowska-Kluczewska, O. Vorobyova (eds.). Language – literature – the arts: A Cognitive-semiotic interface. Frankfurt am Main; Bern: Peter Lang Edition, pp. 245–261.
Maturana, H.R., and Varela, F.J. (1980). Autopoiesis and cognition: The realization of the living. In: R. Cohen, S. Robert, M. W. Wartofsky (eds.). Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 42. Dordecht: D. Reidel Publishing Co.
Merleau-Ponty, M. (1945/1962). Phenomenology of Perception; trans. into English by C. Smith. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Newell, A., and Simon, H.A. (1972). Human problem solving. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Noë, A. (2004). Action in perception. Cambridge, M.A.: The MIT Press.
Panksepp, J. (1998). Affective neuroscience. New York: Oxford University Press.
Panksepp, J. (2000). The neuro-evolutionary cusp between emotions and cognitions: implications for understanding consciousness and the emergence of unified mind science. Consciousness and emotion 1, 17–56.
Di Pellegrino, G., Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., Gallese, V., and Rizzolatti, G. (1992). Understanding motor events: a neurophysiological study. Experimental Brain Research, 91, 176–180.
Popper, K.R., and Eccles, J. C. (1977). The self and its brain: An argument for interactionism, Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
Pulvermuller, F., and Fadiga, L. (2010). Active perception: sensorimotor circuits as a cortical basis for language. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11, 351–360.
Reber, A. S. (1993). Implicit learning and tacit knowledge. New York: Oxford University Press.
Rowlands, M. (2010). The new science of mind: From extended mind to embodied phenomenology. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Ruby, P., and Decety, J. (2001). Effect of subjective perspective taking during simulation of action: a PET investigation of agency. Nature Neuroscience, 4, 5, 546–550.
Saville-Troike, M. (1987). The Ethnography of communication. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Schank, R. C., and Abelson, R.P. (1977). Script, plans, goals, and understanding: an inquiry into human knowledge structures. Hillsdale, NJ: Laurence Erlbaum Associates.
Sheets-Johnstone, M. (2012). Fundamental and inherently interrelated aspects of animation. In: A. Foolen, U. Ludtke, T. Racine, J. Zlatev. (eds.). Moving ourselves, moving others: Motion and emotion in intersubjectivity, consciousness and language. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 29–55.
Sherrington, C.S. (1906). The integrative action of the nervous system. New York. Charles Scribner’s Sons.
Sperry, R. (1952). Neurology and the mind-brain problem. American Scientist 40, 291–312.
Thompson, E. (2007). Mind in life: Biology, phenomenology, and the sciences of Mind. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Tomkins, S. (1979). Script theory: differential magnification of affects. In: R. A. Deinstbier (ed.). Nebraska Symposium On Motivation. Lincoln, NE: Univ. of Nebraska Press, pp. 201–236.
Trevarthen C., and Frank B. (2012). Intuitive meaning: Supporting impulses for interpersonal life in the sociosphere of human knowledge, practice and language. In: A. Foolen, U. Ludtke, T. Racine, J. Zlatev (eds.). Moving ourselves, moving others. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 261 – 305.
Varela, F.J. (1999). The specious present: the neurophenomenology of time consciousness. In: J. Petitot, F.J. Varela, B. Pachoud, J. Roy (eds.). Naturalizing phenomenology. Stanford: Stanford University Press, pp. 226–314.
Varela, F., Thompson, E., and Rosch, E. (1991). The embodied mind: Cognitive science and human experience. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Vigliocco, G., Meteyard L., Andrews, M., and Kousta S. (2009). Towards a theory of semantic representations. Language and Cognition, 1, 2, 219 – 247.
Ward, D., and Stapleton, M. (2012). Es are good: Cognition as enacted, embodied, embedded, affective and extended. In: F. Paglieri (ed.). Consciousness in interaction: The role of the natural and social context in shaping consciousness. Amsterdan: John Benjamins, pp. 89–104.
Watt, D. (1998). Affect and the “hard problem”: Neurodevelopmental and corticolimbic network issues. Consciousness research abstracts: toward a science of consciousness. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, pp. 91–92.
Wilson, R.A., Foglia, L. (2015). Embodied Cognition. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved from https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/embodied-cognition
Zlatev, J. (2008). Intersubjectivity: What makes us human? In: J. Zlatev, T. Racine, C. Sinha, E. Itkonen (eds.). The shared mind: perspectives on intersubjectivity. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 1–17.
Zlatev, J. (2012). Bodily motion, emotion and mind science. In: A. Foolen, U. Ludtke, T. Racine, J. Zlatev (eds.) Moving ourselves, moving others. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 1–28.
Zlatev, J. (2016). Turning back to experience in Cognitive Linguistics via phenomenology. Cognitive Linguistics, 27(4), 559–572
Published
2018-04-15
How to Cite
Martynyuk, A. (2018). “Now that the magic is gone” or toward cognitive analysis of verbal/co-verbal communication. Cognition, Communication, Discourse, (15), 51-72. https://doi.org/10.26565/2218-2926-2017-15-04
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